[MV]Please, explain me how TP works

So, I noticed I can either increase it through skills, battle actions, items, etc. But I can't stop making it increase when you receive damage.

Also, how can I set a maximum TP for each character? How is the maximum TP set, where do I see it?

The maximum is 100. You can't set the maximum per actor unless you use a plug-in to change that. As for how you gain it, that can be set to a degree. You can set skills to gain it, and it is gained on damage, and also you can gain a small random boost to it when you start a battle.

If you wish to change the gained on damage part or the random boost at start of battle, you will also need a plug-in for it. Or do what I did and find a plug-in to remove it altogether.

With Yanfly Enhanced TP plugin you will have the answers :}

Probably if want to stop the bar to increase from receive damage, then you might need to set to 0 the gain tp from the ability (IE: Attack) of the monster. That can be modified in the database, under ability tab. Bear in mind I didn't try yet, I'm building my custom menu for now.

the TP from damage received is coded into the game. the only way to stop/change that is plugin.
i use yanfly's enhanced TP control to stop that.
in database > system you can turn off display TP in battle essentially removing the TP system from your game

http://yanfly.moe/2016/01/08/yep-55-enhanced-tp/

if you have ever played FF10 this plugin is basically the exact same as how that game had options to change how you filled the limit break gauge.
my current project uses it for only 1 TP mode so the ONLY TP i gain is from my skills.
but you can make 20 different TP modes with it. there is also extension plugins to increase that to a crazy 100 possible TP modes

So, in short, TP works similar to FFVII Limit Break? But instead of having a skill replacing the "Attack" command, I can select them on the "Skills Tab" and set different values to each?

it would be better to say TP is just another type of MP. but caps at 100 and gain TP from actions and damage
how you use it is more up to what you can imagine.
maybe your spell casters cant use their AoE attacks without using both MP and TP at he same time.
or your melee fighter only uses MP for casting a buff and has a very limited amount while all their damage skills use TP to cast.
maybe you have a healer class that uses TP for cure spells instead of using MP (like FF11 dancer)

personally i find that by default you gain TP to fast to really think of it as anything special, but with a little creative work it can become a part or how your game implements strategic thinking. or just remove it entirely and only use HP and MP

1 thing to think about is the preserve TP trait.
do you start off every fight with no TP and lose all TP after battle, or does certain classes keep their TP until it's used.
that alone can greatly change how you create ways to use TP